The meireikei is used as an imperative and placed at the end
of the sentence as the main verb. Use of this form should be avoided,
since, as you probably well understand, it is often extremely insulting.
| 手を挙げろ! |
(Te wo age ro!) |
Put your hands up! |
| お金をくれ! |
(O-kane wo kure!) |
Give me your money! |
| こっちへ来い! |
(Kocchi e koi!) |
Come here! |
| 死ね! |
(Shine!) |
Die! |
| 頑張れ! |
(Ganbare!) |
Go for it! / Keep going! |
| |
Verbal adjectives and the meireikei
Verbal adjectives don't have a meireikei conjugation, as you cannot
order someone to be blue or small.
The meireikei of honorific verbs
Honorific verbs are often encountered in the meireikei conjugation.
As these verbs are honorific of their own, the meireikei conjugation
is neither rude nor impolite.
| これを下さい。 |
(Kore wo kudasai.) |
I'll have this one. (Give me this.) |
| おやすみなさい。 |
(o-yasumi nasai.) |
Good night. (Literally: Rest!) |
| いらっしゃい。 |
(Irasshai.) |
Come in. |
| 召し上がれ。 |
(Meshi agare.) |
Eat. |
| |
Making the imperative more polite
Also the polite form ～ます (-masu) can be made into an imperative.
This form is often combined with the honorific verbs. This increases
the politeness of the "order" even further.
| これを下さいませ。 |
(Kore wo kudasaimase.) |
I'll have this one. (Give me this.) |
| 勉強しなさいませ。 |
(Benkyou shi nasaimase.) |
Study! (Teacher to students.) |
| いらっしゃいませ。 |
(Irasshaimase.) |
Come in. |
| 召し上がりませ。 |
(Meshi agarimase.) |
Eat. |
| |
NOTE: The -masu form is connected
to the ren'youkei, not the meireikei.
Meireikei conjugations
Group 2
conjugations |
 |
to eat |
|
to see |
|
| Rentaikei |
|
食べる
taberu |
|
見る
miru |
|
| Meireikei |
|
食べよ/ろ
tabe yo/ro |
|
見よ/ろ
mi yo/ro |
| |
NOTE: The meireikei conjugation of
group 2 verbs is often followed by the emphatic particles よ (yo)
or ろ (ro). ろ (ro) is stronger than よ (yo), so if you want to be
particularly rude or forceful "ro" is your choice.
Group 4
conjugations |
|
to write |
|
to buy |
|
to wait |
|
to lend |
|
| Rentaikei |
|
書く
kaku |
|
買う
kau |
|
待つ
matsu |
|
貸す
kasu |
|
| Meireikei |
|
書け
kake |
|
買え
kae |
|
待て
mate |
|
貸せ
kase |
| |
Irregular
verbs |
|
to do |
|
to come |
|
| Rentaikei |
|
する
suru |
|
来る
kuru |
|
| Meireikei |
|
しよ/ろ､せよ/ろ､せい
shi yo/ro, se yo/ro, sei |
|
来い
koi |
| |
Irregular
conjugations |
|
to speak |
|
to give |
|
to do |
|
| Rentaikei |
|
仰る
ossharu |
|
下さる
kudasaru |
|
為さる
nasaru |
|
| Meireikei |
|
仰い
osshai |
|
下さい
kudasai |
|
為さい
nasai |
| |
Irregular
conjugations |
|
there is/are / to come / to go
(living beings) |
|
there is/are
(objects) |
|
| Rentaikei |
|
いらっしゃる
irassharu |
|
御座る
gozaru |
|
| Meireikei |
|
いらっしゃい
irasshai |
|
御座い
gozai |
| |
Related pages:
Rentaikei
+ な (na)
Ren'youkei
+ な (na)
Ren'youkei
+ て (te)
Imperative
forms
Requests
prohibitive
forms |
